Which statement best defines intoxication according to DSM-5-TR?

• A. The physiological and cognitive effects that occur as a result of recent substance use, typically reversible.
• B. A reversible syndrome caused by recent substance use.
• C. The chronic health impairment from prolonged substance use.
• D. A mood change that only occurs during withdrawal.

Answer: (A)

Intoxication in DSM-5-TR is a reversible syndrome that develops after recent substance use and involves both physiological effects and cognitive/behavioral changes caused by the substance’s action on the nervous system. This framing highlights that the changes are directly tied to recent ingestion, reflect the pharmacological impact on brain function, and tend to subside as the substance is metabolized.

The option chosen is the best because it explicitly includes the physiological and cognitive effects and the element of recent use, all of which define intoxication. The other ideas point to different phenomena: a chronic health impairment from long-term use describes lasting harm rather than the immediate, reversible intoxication, and mood changes during withdrawal pertain to withdrawal, not intoxication. The broader yet precise emphasis on recent use plus reversible physiological and cognitive changes makes this description the most accurate.